Umbilical and epigastric hernias develop through a weakness in the abdominal wall at or above the belly button. They may appear as a small lump and can cause tenderness, pressure or discomfort during exercise, coughing or lifting. Pregnancy, weight changes and natural tissue weakness can contribute. Specialist assessment confirms the diagnosis and helps determine whether monitoring or surgical repair is the most appropriate option.
When may repair be recommended?
Surgery may be considered if the hernia is painful, increasing in size, difficult to reduce or interfering with daily life. Your surgeon will also consider the size of the defect, plans for future pregnancy, general health and the risk of bowel or fat becoming trapped. A suddenly painful, firm lump accompanied by vomiting or abdominal swelling requires urgent medical attention.
How is the hernia repaired?
During surgery, tissue protruding through the defect is returned to its correct position and the opening is closed. A small defect may sometimes be repaired with sutures. For larger defects, or where the risk of recurrence is higher, mesh reinforcement may be recommended. Repair can be performed through an open incision or, in selected cases, with keyhole surgery. The final approach is personalised after examination and, where necessary, imaging.
Recovery and aftercare
Many straightforward repairs can be performed as day-case procedures. You can expect some discomfort, swelling and bruising around the wound. Gentle walking is encouraged, while heavy lifting and strenuous exercise are avoided until your surgeon confirms that healing is sufficient. Time away from work depends on the operation and the physical demands of your role. Keeping the wound clean, following pain-relief instructions and attending follow-up support recovery.
Possible risks
Risks include bleeding, infection, seroma or fluid collection, changes in sensation, ongoing discomfort, blood clots, injury to nearby tissues and recurrence. If mesh is used, mesh infection or other mesh-related complications are possible but uncommon. Smoking, diabetes, obesity and poor nutrition can affect wound healing and may be addressed before surgery.
Frequently asked questions
Is an umbilical hernia the same as abdominal muscle separation? No. Diastasis recti is a widening between the abdominal muscles without a true hernia defect, although both conditions can occur together.
Can I have repair before a future pregnancy? It may be possible, but pregnancy can place new strain on the repair. Your plans should be discussed with your surgeon.
How long does the operation take? Operating time varies with the size, technique and complexity of the hernia. Your surgeon will provide an individual estimate.